Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition that predominantly affects joints, causing inflammation and leading to potential erosion and deformity. This condition impacts about 0.5% of the global population and is attributed to a combination of genetic factors, particularly the HLA DRB1 locus, and environmental influences, such as smoking and obesity.
Key symptoms of RA generally manifest between the ages of 40 to 60 and include bilateral joint swelling and pain lasting longer than six weeks, along with morning stiffness. Deformities can occur in advanced stages, such as the swan neck and boutonniere deformities. Extra-articular manifestations of RA may involve systemic fatigue, low-grade fever, and nodules on the skin.
Diagnosis often relies on clinical assessment rather than specific tests, though rheumatoid factor and anti-CCCP antibodies are commonly used for support, indicating worse prognosis. Laboratory tests can include markers of inflammation and imaging studies for disease severity.
Treatment typically incorporates disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate and can involve newer targeted therapies. Management is comprehensive, encompassing lifestyle modifications and rehabilitative support. For a detailed look at resources and educational material on this topic, check out the following links:
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By Rhesus Medicine