Understanding Tuberculosis (TB) is essential for grasping its complexities. TB is a chronic infection caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with humans being the primary reservoir. Other species like Mycobacterium africanum and Mycobacterium bovis can also lead to similar diseases in humans, as they are zoonotic.
Transmission occurs primarily through airborne particles, where individuals inhale droplets containing the bacteria. TB can affect multiple systems in the body. Notably, pulmonary tuberculosis presents with symptoms such as persistent cough, weight loss, and fever, while extrapulmonary TB can lead to abdominal pain and tenderness, particularly when affecting the peritoneum.
Diagnosis involves tests such as the tuberculin skin test (Mantoux), while treatment typically includes a regime of antibiotics over an extended period.
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By Rhesus Medicine